Global Warming

Skeptical Science has been really pulling out all the stops as 2010 comes to an end, first releasing a great PDF Guide to Global Warming Skepticism and now adding the above image summarizing all the different indicators that the world is indeed warming.

Not included in the graphic, Skeptical Science points out, are several other indicators: Lake and rive ice cover freezing later and breaking up earlier, permafrost warming at greater depths, lakes warming, growing seasons lengthening.

The original post has links to research for all those not-included indicators as well as other file formats of the Creative Commons-licensed graphic, including vector-based ones should you need to do some serous scaling of it: Skeptical Science

Profits Before People: 7 of the World’s Most Irresponsible Companies

Profits Before People: 7 of the World’s Most Irresponsible Companies

Turbines can cool and warm crops, and more say researchers

Turbines can cool and warm crops, and more say researchers

Maatrubhoomi: The Great Indian Women Freedom Fighters

Maatrubhoomi: The Great Indian Women Freedom Fighters

Power distribution firms may get to encash green energy initiatives

Setting in motion the trade of renewable energy, the government has launched a certification process for the clean energy sector. This will help power distribution companies like Tata Power, Reliance Infrastructure and the Maharashtra government’s Mahavitaran to meet their renewable portfolio obligation (RPO) through purchase of certificates.

The National Load Despatch Centre will issue the certificates after checking the availablity of renewable power. The certificates will enable the producer and distributor to engage in trading within a specified band. The Electricity Act of 2003 mandates state distribution utilities to purchase electricity from renewable energy sources as a certain minimum percentage of the total consumption of power in the state.

The authority to make the 5 per cent clause mandatory lies with the state regulators because power is a state subject. So far, Maharashta Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) is the only regulator to have notified 6 per cent mandatory purchase of electricity from renewable sources.

The value of one REC has been set at 1 megawatt hour of electricity injected into the grid from sources of renewable energy. Every such certificate will be exchanged at power exchanges within a price band between '1,500 and '3,900, as determined by CERC. “The mechanism moves the Indian renewable sector to a more stable and mature standard by creating greater market visibility, de-risking revenue from energy sales, making projects more bankable, and creating a strong investment environment,” said Tulsi Tanti, chairman and managing director of Suzlon Energy, the world’s third-largest wind turbine maker.

With the launch of certification scheme, the government plans to promote clean power by allowing utilities from green energy-deficient states to buy renewable energy certificates to offset their lag. “Renewable energy resources are highly dispersed and are concentrated mostly in states that have already achieved high levels of RPO. These states are generally reluctant to buy energy from such sources beyond the obligation mandated by the regulator. This has been stymying the growth of the sector. REC mechanism addresses this concern,” said CERC Chairman Pramod Deo.

With the formal launch of the REC scheme today, the renewable energy generators will be able to apply for accreditation certificates, citing their generation plans. This will allow generators of green power in the country to buy green energy certificates and finally sell them to distribution companies.

The uneven distribution of renewable energy potential in India discourages states with less renewable energy generation sources from committing higher RPOs. In Delhi, for example, the state regulator has specified an RPO of merely 1 per cent to the three distribution utilities — BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd (BRPL), BSES Yamuna Power Ltd (BYPL) and North Delhi Power Ltd (NDPL) — as the capital lacks potential for green energy generation.

With the implementation of the REC scheme, such states would not be constrained to look at only the locally-available renewable energy sources for fulfilling their RPOs. “The scheme will go a long way in addressing the concern over procedure for certification and the trading of RECs in a transparent manner,” said BRPL Chief Executive Officer Gopal Saxena. “The regulator should also ensure that the impact of buying power at a high cost on tariff is also factored in,” he added.

According to REC norms, finalised by CERC after consultations with the stakeholders over the past one year, the regulator has designated NLDC as the central agency to issue RECs to generators who can sell them to states deficient in green energy utilities.

Neutrino project approved at Bodi West Hills in Theni

After denying permission to the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) to locate the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) at Singara in Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu ( The Hindu, November 11, 2009), the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) on Monday accorded both environmental and forest clearance for locating the project in the Bodi West Hills (BWH) in Theni district, also in Tamil Nadu.

The INO will be a major underground experimental facility to study the elusive and nearly mass-less fundamental particles of nature called neutrinos,

“The approval,” said a Ministry press release, “is subject to the conditions that there will be no cutting of trees and damage to the forest cover; that measures will be taken to minimise the effect of tunnelling and disposal of rock debris and that the environmental management plan prepared by the Coimbatore-based Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) will be fully implemented.”

The site is situated in a reserved forest (RF) area.

The Singara site which, according to scientists, is the best spot to locate the INO, was rejected by the MoEF on the grounds that it was not cleared by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department (TNFD). It was stated to fall in the buffer zone of the Mudhumalai Tiger Reserve. The site being close to the elephant corridor between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats was also a consideration.

It should, however, be pointed out that the declaration of the region as a tiger reserve was made only in 2008, two years after the DAE applied to the TNFD for clearance. While rejecting it, the Ministry suggested that the project be moved to a site near the Suruliyar falls in Theni district.

Though scientists had considered Suruliyar and Thevaram, they finally chose a huge sheet of monolithic rock hill near Pudukkottai village in Pottipuram Panchayat for the project. While Suruliyar is to the east of the Cumbum Valley, BWH lies west of the valley, very close to the Tamil Nadu-Kerala border.

The actual site is two km from Pudukkottai, 14 km from Bodi and 110 km from Madurai. A serious shortcoming of the site, however, is lack of water and electricity. Power has to be sourced from Rasingapuram, which is 10 km away. A feasibility study for sourcing water through pipelines is being processed by the Tamil Nadu Water and Drainage Board (TWADB).

Two-km tunnel

The proposed massive neutrino detector will be built in a cavern set in massive charnockite rock (group of igneous rocks found in South India with those in Tamil Nadu known to be the hardest). The cavern will be excavated by drilling a tunnel of 1.9-2 km in length under the peak designated as 1589 so that there is vertical overburden of about 1,300 m. For a good neutrino detection facility, a vertical cover of at least 1,000 m is required so that the observed neutrino events are not contaminated by unwanted particles that will be absorbed by the overburden.

The forest types in the area vary from scrub jungles to montane grass land. While the underground facility may go under forest land in one spot, there will be no over ground occupation of forest land, according to scientists. The portal for the site will, in fact, be located outside the RF boundary in revenue land along with other surface facilities.

The application for TNFD clearance was submitted in January 2010 and the TNFD gave its approval early this month. A Rapid Environment Impact Assessment (REIA) is over. The draft report of the detailed EIA was presented to the Ministry on Monday before the final clearance.

Since the project was sanctioned under the XI Plan, scientists hope to start the construction of the facility by 2011. The total cost is now pegged at about Rs. 1200 crore, which will include, besides the Rs. 950 crore for the facility itself, the costs for laying roads, electrical and water lines and other infrastructure. The Detailed Project Report is also nearly ready, according to the spokesman for the project, Noba K. Mondal of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR).

The INO includes nearly 90 scientists from 25 institutions, with the TIFR as the nodal institution. Scientists now await a formal letter from the MoEF to the DAE, which will be presented to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) for its formal and then the Cabinet for its clearance. Since this is a project already approved under the Plan there should be no problem in securing these.

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Power Transmission | Bearing maintenance tools enhance sustainability with rotating equipment — Reliability goes green for rotating equipment: Four innovations can help you meet sustainability goals | Plant Services

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